Arabica vs Robusta - Let's dispel the myths and discover the real differences

The world of coffee is peppered with curiosities, legends and personal preferences. Yet, one of the most frequent debates concerns the world's most popular coffee varieties: Arabica and Robusta. These two types of beans have very distinct characteristics, which influence not only the taste in the cup, but also the perception of caffeine, the cultivation method and the flavour profile. Here is an overview to better understand the real differences and to dispel some still very common false beliefs.

Origins and cultivation areas

Arabica (Coffea arabica) and Robusta (Coffea canephora) differ first and foremost in the areas where they are cultivated.

• Arabica: originally from the mountainous regions of Ethiopia, it later spread to South and Central America, as well as parts of Africa and Asia. It prefers high altitudes (over 1,000 metres) and cooler climates, which allow the beans to develop a complex and delicate aromatic profile.
   
• Robusta: cultivated mainly in central Africa and parts of Asia (including India, Vietnam and Indonesia), it is better adapted to hot, humid climates at lower altitudes due to a higher caffeine content in the bean. The name “Robusta” derives precisely from its greater resistance to disease and more extreme environmental conditions.
   

These different growing areas influence the development of the plants and, consequently, the final taste of the coffee.

Differences in taste and organoleptic characteristics

The most obvious distinction between Arabica and Robusta is perceived in the cup:

• Arabica: considered “finer”, it offers a wide and complex aromatic range, with notes that can vary from chocolate to fruit to floral hints. It often has a pleasant, balanced acidity, contributing to an elegant, smooth taste.
   
• Robusta: with a stronger, full-bodied flavour, it is characterised by a less acidic profile, with hints of spices and toasted cereals. It may be more bitter, but its intensity makes it the preferred choice of those who love a strong, energetic espresso.

In our Portioli catalogue, we find examples of blends that express the essence of these two varieties:

• Top Blend - 90 % Arabica / 10 % Robusta

Precious beans from Central and South America create a delicate, sweet and fruity blend, enhanced by elegant acidity and a low caffeine content. Perfect for those who desire a fine and precious espresso, able to bring out all the aromatic range of Arabica without renouncing a light touch of structure.
 

• Soave blend - 20 % Arabica / 80 % Robusta

Selected from Asia and central Africa, this blend is intense and decisive, with a skilfully balanced bitterness, low acidity and a high level of caffeine. Ideal for those who prefer a coffee with character, rich in body and energy, where the Robusta expresses all its strength without losing balance.

Myths about caffeine content

One of the most common misconceptions is that the difference between Arabica and Robusta lies solely in the caffeine content. In reality, it is true that Robusta generally contains a higher percentage of caffeine (up to almost double that of Arabica), but there are nuances and factors related to roasting and extraction that affect the final beverage.

• Arabica: approximately between 0.7% and 1.5%
• Robusta: approximately 2,2% – 2,7%

This does not mean that Arabica is “weak” or that Robusta is “too strong” regardless: much also depends on the amount of coffee used per cup and the extraction method chosen.

Towards a conscious choice

Choosing between Arabica and Robusta means evaluating several aspects: taste preferences, intensity, origin, caffeine content and consumption occasion. In the Italian panorama, espresso has established itself as an indispensable moment, declined in infinite blends and nuances.

With the Miscela Intenso and Ritual Coffee 01, Portioli demonstrates how both varieties can provide satisfying experiences, each with its own unmistakable character. Whether you love a strong and intense flavour, or you prefer a more delicate and aromatic profile, the right choice is the one that best suits your palate and your desire to explore the fascinating world of coffee.